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TET 323University of IbadanSep 29, 2026

Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes & Aromatic Systems

Structure

12 Concept Stages

Practice Exam

82+ Questions

Active Recall

Exam-Matched

Executive Topic Summary

Master the complete taxonomy of hydrocarbons—from saturated alkanes with single bonds through unsaturated alkenes and alkynes, to aromatic benzene rings. Learn bonding geometry, conformations, preparation methods, reaction mechanisms (addition, substitution, ozonolysis), Markovnikov's rule, and real-world applications including CFCs, HFAs, HFOs, trans fatty acids, and polyaromatic pollutants.

High-Yield Exam Takeaways

The Hydrocarbon Family Tree: Classifying Carbon Chains
Alkanes: Geometry, Bonding & Conformations
Combustion & Environmental Impact: CFCs, HFAs & HFOs
Cycloalkanes: Rings, Strain & Special Structures
Alkenes: Double Bonds, Geometry & Preparation
Alkene Reactions: Addition Mechanisms & Markovnikov's Rule
Alkynes: Triple Bonds & Reduction Reactions
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene & Polyaromatic Systems
Trans Fatty Acids: Structure, Production & Health Impact
Conjugated Systems & Resonance Stabilization
Wittig Reaction: Converting Carbonyls to Alkenes
Summary: The Hydrocarbon Universe

Study Tree Preview (Bite-Sized Concepts)

Previewing 3 stages

1The Hydrocarbon Family Tree: Classifying Carbon Chains

5 Micro-Bites

What Are Hydrocarbons? The Simplest Organic Molecules:A <term def="any organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together">hydrocarbon</term> is literally just carbon and hydrogen atoms linked in chains or ring...

The Big Split: Aliphatic vs Aromatic Hydrocarbons:All hydrocarbons split into two major families. <term def="hydrocarbons with straight or branched carbon chains, including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes">Aliphatic hydrocarbons</te...

2Alkanes: Geometry, Bonding & Conformations

7 Micro-Bites

sp³ Hybridization: Why Alkanes Are Tetrahedral:In an alkane, every carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms (either other carbons or hydrogens). To achieve this, carbon uses <term def="the mixing of one s orbital with three p ...

Free Rotation Around Single Bonds & Torsional Energy:Here's a key insight: even though the tetrahedral geometry is rigid, the bond itself can spin like a wheel on an axle. If you grab one end of an ethane molecule (C-C) and twist it,...

3Combustion & Environmental Impact: CFCs, HFAs & HFOs

7 Micro-Bites

Combustion: Burning Hydrocarbons for Energy:The most important reaction of alkanes is combustion. When you burn a hydrocarbon in oxygen, it completely oxidizes to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O), releasing enormous amou...

The Greenhouse Effect: CO₂ & Climate Change:Here's the problem: when we burn billions of tons of hydrocarbons every year, we release billions of tons of CO₂ into the atmosphere. CO₂ is a <term def="a gas that absorbs infrare...

Sample Practice Questions (Active Recall)

Showing 3 of 82+

Q1.Which of the following best explains the fundamental difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons?

AAliphatic hydrocarbons have straight, branched, or cyclic carbon chains, while aromatic hydrocarbons contain benzene rings with delocalized pi electrons.

BAliphatic hydrocarbons contain only single bonds, while aromatic hydrocarbons contain double bonds.

CAliphatic hydrocarbons are always saturated, while aromatic hydrocarbons are always unsaturated.

DAliphatic hydrocarbons are derived from petroleum, while aromatic hydrocarbons are derived from coal.

Q2.An alkene with the molecular formula C₅H₁₀ is considered unsaturated.

ATrue

BFalse

Q3.The general molecular formula for a straight-chain alkane is _______.

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